Ephesus, and in particular that he might command certain men not to teach false doctrines any longer … (3b). Paul’s preoccupation in this first chapter is with the importance of maintaining true or ‘sound’ doctrine, and of refuting ‘false’ doctrine. This differentiation strikes a discordant note at the end of the twentieth century. It is not only that most societies are increasingly pluralistic in fact (an ethnic and religious mix), but that ‘pluralism’ as an ideology is increasingly advocated as